把環境數據放在一起看：阿明博士的 ESPHome 監測站

ESPHome 官方仍將 ESP-IDF 的 MQTT 支援標為實驗性。本課固定使用 ESPHome 2026.10.1，啟用獨立 MQTT 發送任務，並關閉 MQTT 日誌轉送，減少網路狀況不佳時影響感測主迴圈的機會。

Broker 預設只綁本機。讓 ESP32 連入時，再改成電腦的區網 IP，並限制來源範圍。這份本地範例的 MQTT 1883 不含 TLS，帳密與資料沒有加密；跨不可信網路時，請另安排 TLS 與存取控制。Node-RED 管理介面保持本機使用，對外分享網頁時另做登入與 HTTPS。

esphome: name: course-06-mqtt friendly_name: "MQTT 綜合環境閘道器" min_version: 2026.10.1 compile_process_limit: 1 esp32: board: esp32-s3-devkitc-1 flash_size: 16MB framework: type: esp-idf psram: mode: octal speed: 80MHz logger: hardware_uart: USB_SERIAL_JTAG level: DEBUG wifi: ssid: !secret wifi_ssid password: !secret wifi_password power_save_mode: none reboot_timeout: 0s ota: - platform: esphome password: !secret ota_password web_server: port: 80 version: 3 local: true auth: type: digest username: !secret web_username password: !secret web_password i2c: id: sensor_bus sda: GPIO8 scl: GPIO9 scan: true frequency: 100kHz external_components: - source: type: local path: components components: [sht20_local] sensor: - platform: sht20_local id: sht20_driver address: 0x40 update_interval: 10s temperature: id: sht_temperature name: "SHT20 Temperature" on_value: then: - lambda: |- id(last_sht_ms) = millis(); id(sht_seen) = true; humidity: id: sht_humidity name: "SHT20 Humidity" on_value: then: - lambda: |- id(last_rh_ms) = millis(); id(rh_seen) = true; - platform: scd4x id: scd41_driver address: 0x62 measurement_mode: periodic # Enable ASC only after evaluating the actual fresh-air exposure pattern. automatic_self_calibration: false update_interval: 10s co2: id: co2_value name: "SCD41 CO2" on_value: then: - lambda: |- id(last_co2_ms) = millis(); id(co2_seen) = true; temperature: name: "SCD41 Internal Temperature" humidity: name: "SCD41 Internal Humidity" - platform: pmsx003 type: PMS5003T uart_id: pms_uart # Continuous active mode; no sleep/wake cycling in this lesson. update_interval: 0s pm_1_0: name: "PMS5003T PM1.0 Atmospheric" filters: - throttle: 10s pm_2_5: id: pm25_value name: "PMS5003T PM2.5 Atmospheric" on_raw_value: then: - lambda: |- id(last_pm_ms) = millis(); id(pm_seen) = true; filters: - throttle: 10s pm_10_0: name: "PMS5003T PM10 Atmospheric" filters: - throttle: 10s temperature: name: "PMS5003T Internal Temperature" filters: - throttle: 10s humidity: name: "PMS5003T Internal Humidity" filters: - throttle: 10s - platform: bh1750 id: light_level name: "BH1750 Illuminance" address: 0x23 update_interval: 5s on_value: then: - lambda: |- id(last_light_ms) = millis(); id(light_seen) = true; globals: - id: last_sht_ms type: uint32_t restore_value: false initial_value: '0' - id: sht_seen type: bool restore_value: false initial_value: 'false' - id: last_rh_ms type: uint32_t restore_value: false initial_value: '0' - id: rh_seen type: bool restore_value: false initial_value: 'false' - id: last_co2_ms type: uint32_t restore_value: false initial_value: '0' - id: co2_seen type: bool restore_value: false initial_value: 'false' - id: last_pm_ms type: uint32_t restore_value: false initial_value: '0' - id: pm_seen type: bool restore_value: false initial_value: 'false' - id: last_light_ms type: uint32_t restore_value: false initial_value: '0' - id: light_seen type: bool restore_value: false initial_value: 'false' binary_sensor: - platform: template name: "SHT20 Temperature Fresh" lambda: |- return id(sht_seen) && (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_sht_ms)) < 35000; - platform: template name: "SHT20 Humidity Fresh" lambda: |- return id(rh_seen) && (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_rh_ms)) < 35000; - platform: template name: "SCD41 Data Fresh" lambda: |- return id(co2_seen) && (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_co2_ms)) < 35000; - platform: template name: "CO2 Ventilation Reminder" lambda: |- if (!id(co2_seen) || (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_co2_ms)) >= 35000) return {}; if (id(co2_value).state >= 1000) return true; if (id(co2_value).state <= 800) return false; return {}; filters: - delayed_on: 60s - delayed_off: 60s - platform: template name: "PMS5003T Packet Fresh" lambda: |- return id(pm_seen) && (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_pm_ms)) < 15000; - platform: template name: "PMS5003T Warmup Complete" lambda: 'return millis() > 30000;' - platform: template name: "BH1750 Data Fresh" lambda: |- return id(light_seen) && (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_light_ms)) < 20000; - platform: ble_presence name: "Demo Beacon Nearby" id: beacon_nearby ibeacon_uuid: "730eb196-4033-4c32-a7da-c8cf68e8ff01" ibeacon_major: 1 ibeacon_minor: 1 timeout: 60s uart: id: pms_uart tx_pin: GPIO17 rx_pin: GPIO18 baud_rate: 9600 data_bits: 8 parity: NONE stop_bits: 1 rx_buffer_size: 512 esp32_ble_tracker: scan_parameters: active: false interval: 320ms window: 30ms mqtt: # Use a separate MQTT task so poor network conditions do not block sensor loops. idf_send_async: true log_topic: null broker: !secret mqtt_broker username: !secret mqtt_username password: !secret mqtt_password discovery: false topic_prefix: course/room-a reboot_timeout: 0s birth_message: topic: course/room-a/status payload: online retain: true will_message: topic: course/room-a/status payload: offline retain: true interval: - interval: 10s then: - mqtt.publish_json: topic: course/room-a/telemetry qos: 0 retain: false payload: |- root["uptime_s"] = millis() / 1000; const bool t_ok = id(sht_seen) && (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_sht_ms)) < 35000 && std::isfinite(id(sht_temperature).state); const bool h_ok = id(rh_seen) && (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_rh_ms)) < 35000 && std::isfinite(id(sht_humidity).state); const bool c_ok = id(co2_seen) && (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_co2_ms)) < 35000 && std::isfinite(id(co2_value).state); const bool p_ok = id(pm_seen) && (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_pm_ms)) < 15000 && millis() > 30000 && std::isfinite(id(pm25_value).state); const bool l_ok = id(light_seen) && (uint32_t)(millis() - id(last_light_ms)) < 20000 && std::isfinite(id(light_level).state); root["temperature_valid"] = t_ok; root["humidity_valid"] = h_ok; root["co2_valid"] = c_ok; root["pm25_valid"] = p_ok; root["lux_valid"] = l_ok; if (t_ok && std::isfinite(id(sht_temperature).state)) root["temperature_c"] = id(sht_temperature).state; if (h_ok && std::isfinite(id(sht_humidity).state)) root["humidity_pct"] = id(sht_humidity).state; if (c_ok && std::isfinite(id(co2_value).state)) root["co2_ppm"] = id(co2_value).state; if (p_ok && std::isfinite(id(pm25_value).state)) root["pm25_ug_m3"] = id(pm25_value).state; if (l_ok && std::isfinite(id(light_level).state)) root["illuminance_lux"] = id(light_level).state; root["beacon_nearby"] = id(beacon_nearby).state;

先查供電和共地，再核對端子名稱與訊號方向。I²C 裝置可看掃描位址；PMS5003T 走 UART，不會出現在 I²C 清單。接著確認設定的型號與最後一次更新時間，最後才檢查網頁或後端。資料停住時，不要先把它當成環境一直沒變。

• ESPHome ESP32 平台
• ESPHome MQTT